Solution section
Balancing & Real-Time Operation
How deviations, uncertainty and real-time system requirements are handled.
Balancing & Real-Time Operation
Day-ahead and intraday market outcomes do not eliminate the need for system operation.
Transmission-system operators continue to manage:
- forecast errors;
- contingencies;
- reserve requirements;
- frequency;
- residual congestion.
Balancing therefore remains a separate operational layer following zonal market clearing.