Solution section
Retail & Demand-Side Coordination
How consumers, retailers, aggregators and flexible demand respond to the architecture.
Retail & Demand-Side Coordination
The nodal wholesale price exists at transmission locations, but consumers do not necessarily face raw nodal prices directly.
Retail suppliers, load-serving entities and aggregators intermediate between the wholesale market and end users.
Demand response can participate in organised markets subject to market rules, but individual household devices are not ordinarily first-class nodes in the transmission optimisation.